It is most commonly used in pipe and fittings. poly(vinyl chloride) information, structure, and properties. General information on PVC is provided here in Chapter 1, followed by introductions on four aspects of PVC; production, characteristics, safety and applications. » PVC and Its Different Forms Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a thermoplastic made of 57% chlorine (derived from industrial grade salt) and 43% carbon (derived predominantly from oil / gas via ethylene). Xytron™ (PPS)’s Withstand Durability Challenges & Extend Service Life, With UBE's Polycarbonate-based Urethane Prepolymers Series, Comprehensive Guide on Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or Vinyl) is an economical and versatile thermoplastic polymer widely used in building and construction industry to produce door and window profiles, pipes (drinking and wastewater), wire and cable insulation, medical devices, etc. Compatible plasticisers can be added as softening agents to enhance some mechanical properties, while fillers can increase the stiffness, impact performance and add colour, opacity and conductivity. It is a naturally white and very brittle (prior to the additions of plasticizers) plastic. Search results for polyvinyl chloride at Sigma-Aldrich. There are, therefore, many different PVC products available with varying additive compositions and properties. » Recyclability and Toxicity of PVC This solid form can then be modified with the addition of fillers and plasticisers depending on the task at hand. Amorphous density at 25 o C: 1.385 g/cm 3.. Crystalline density at 25 o C: 1.52 g/cm 3.. Molecular weight of repeat unit: 62.50 g/mol. This process makes PVC strong, lightweight, and durable making it an ideal material for a variety of applications. Window Frames, Pipes, House Siding, Ports, Roofing, Waterproof Membranes, Cable Insulations, Roof Lining, Greenhouses, Curtain Rails, Drawer Sides, Laminates, Audio and Videotape Cases, Records, Flooring, Wall Coverings, Shower Curtains, Leather Cloth, Hosepipes, Bottles, Blister Packs, Transparent Packs and Punnets, Under Seal, Roof Linings, Leather Cloth Upholstery, Wiring Insulation, Window Seals, Decorative Trim, Oxygen Tents, Bags And Tubing For Blood Transfusions, Drips and Dialysis Liquids, Waterproofs for Fishermen and Emergency Services, Life-Jackets, Shoes, Wellington Boots, Aprons and Baby Pants, Insulation pipes, Jacketing, Electricity Distribution Boxes, Switches, Transparent Distributor Box Housings, Plug Housings & Battery Terminals, Cable & Wire insulation, plugs, cable jackets, sockets, Sable Heads and Distributors, Floppy-Disk Covers, Credit Cards, Traffic Signs, Conveyor Belts, Inflatables, Sports Goods, Toys, Garden Hoses, FDA compliant & also suitable for transparent applications, Better chemical resistance than plasticized PVC, Good electrical insulation & vapor barrier properties, Good dimensional stability at room temperature, Limited solvent stress cracking resistance, Becomes brittle at 5°C (when not modified with impact modifiers and/or processing aids), Low cost, flexible & high impact strength, Good resistance to UV, acids, alkalis, oils and many corrosive inorganic chemicals, Non-flammable & versatile performance profile, Properties can change with time, due to plasticizer migration, Attacked by ketones; some grades swollen or attacked by chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, some aromatic ethers and amines, and nitro- compounds, Non-suitable for food contact with some plasticizers. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is one of the most commonly used thermoplastic polymers in the world (next to only a few more widely used plastics like PET and PP). This is the PVC from which pipes are made, and PVC pipe is everywhere. Available: https://omnexus.specialchem.com/selection-guide/polyvinyl-chloride-pvc-plastic, [3] KEMI, “Statistics in brief - PVC,” [Online]. The PVC product is then commonly moulded into desired shapes using extrusion, injection moulding and calendering. There are, therefore, many different PVC products available with varying additive compositions and properties. Construction: Polyvinyl Chloride is strong, light in weight, and durable. [Online]. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a popular thermoplastic that's odorless, solid, brittle, and generally white in color. Table 1. Polyvinyl Chloride structure [2]. Flexible PVC is used in oxygen tents, gloves, bags and tubing for blood transfusions, drips and dialysis liquids due to its chemical resistance and durability. PVC can also be blended with other thermoplastic materials to improve specific properties. A major thermoplastic material with a very wide variety of applications, the essential materials for polyvinyl chloride are derived from oil and salt. Low thermal conductivity. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a thermoplastic material that can be melted repeatedly at certain temperatures and will harden upon cooling. Although flexible PVC also has a range of applications in the construction industry as in flooring, cable insulations, and waterproof linings, its most useful application is in the medical industry. So, what is PVC? Get detailed technical information on Polyvinyl Chloride and its features. This solid form can then be modified with the addition of fillers and plasticisers depending on the task at hand. PVC is used in these applications because of its low cost and desirable physical and mechanical properties. The tensile properties of the extrusion coated core yarn are essentially … Polyvinyl chloride, PVC material is a perfect mix of desired properties for different kind of plastic products. It can also be easily reprocessed using heat. Flexibility can be increased over a wide range by adding varying amounts of several plasticizers such as dioctyl phthalate. It is heavier than air and has relatively low solubility. In addition, it is easily altered by the addition of plasticizers, impact modifiers and other ingredients. PVC is Biocompatible. There are two main classes of PVC (Figure 2): The addition of plasticisers to PVC acts as a lubricant to the rigid crystalline polymer chains, lowering the crystallinity and yielding a much clearer and flexible plastic material. This polymerisation reaction proceeds by a free-radical mechanism. It also has very good insulation properties and is used to make electrical cables. Some of the key suppliers of PVC are: No Account yet? Hydrophobic PVC polymers cause fouling of the membrane pores due to the adherence of organic molecules to the surface of the membrane. In the electrical industry, PVC is very useful in insulation pipes, jacketing, switches, plug housings and battery terminals due to its high electrical insulation and dielectric strength. Polyester blends combine the excellent processing characteristics of PVC with the superior physical properties of polyesters, increasing abrasion resistance, tensile strength and tear resistance. Today, a, Flexible PVC has lower chemical resistance than rigid PVC, Rigid PVC has low continuous service temperature of 50°C, Material Injection Pressure: Up to 150 MPa, Recommended Screw with an L/D ratio of 15 to 18. It is a naturally white and very brittle (prior to the additions of plasticizers) plastic. It is a white, brittle solid material available in powder form or granules. Available: https://www.kemi.se/en/statistics/statistics-in-brief/substances-and-substance-groups/pvc, Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride, plasticized (PPVC). It is the world’s third largest thermoplastic material by volume after, » View all PVC commercial grades and suppliers in Omnexus Plastics Database, » Compare properties of flexible PVC Vs. rigid PVC in detail, Suspension Polymerization accounts for 80% of PVC production worldwide, Take the course - PVC Stabilizers: Decoding the Black Box to Meet Processing & Quality Needs, certain phthalates are now confirmed safe, Manufacturing Long-lasting & Efficient Fuel Cells, Maximize the Resistance of Your Polyurethanes Over Time, 1 Comments on "Comprehensive Guide on Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)", This is a great article. [1] PlasticsEurope, “Plastics - the Facts 2018,” 2018. How to process it? The equipment necessary for such a process is typically very expensive. When subjected to heat, vinyl compounds initiate a self-accelerating dehydrochlorination reaction and these stabilizers neutralize the HCl produced enhancing the life of polymer. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is manufactured by chlorinating the PVC product, typically increasing its chlorine content from 56% to 66% [2]. Vinyl chloride | H2C=CHCl or (C2H3Cl)n or C2H3Cl | CID 6338 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. PVC is a polymer with good insulation properties, but because of its higher polar nature the electrical insulating property is inferior to non-polar polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Extrusion temperatures are 10-20°C below injection molding temperatures in order to avoid premature thermal degradation. polyvinyl chloride/vinyl chloride resin, is a raw material used in a vast range of applications. Production and Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride. When used for car components, PVC thus helps to reduce the risk of injuries in case of accidents. Processing Equipment may or may not be very expensive, PVC has a very low thermal stability and stabilizers help prevent degradation of polymer during processing or exposure to light. Rigid PVC, Ethyleneglycol (Ethane diol) @ 100%, 100°C, Ethyleneglycol (Ethane diol) @ 100%, 50°C. To create pipes and other hollow tubes such as air ducts, we use twin sheet forming. » Methods to Enhance Properties of PVC Due to its versatile properties, such as lightweight, durable, low cost and easy processability, PVC is now replacing traditional building materials like wood, metal, concrete, rubber, ceramics, etc. In fashion, furniture and all types of indoor and outdoor accessories, PVC open up functional and design opportunities that are both visually striking and fundamentally practical. Glass transition temperature: 85 o C. . Other products made using PVC include flooring, wall covering, and ceiling systems. Comparison between the properties of flexible polyvinyl chloride and rigid polyvinyl chloride [2], Thermal Insulation (Thermal Conductivity). Hence, it is ideal for making things like window frames, door profiles, and roofing systems. It is economical and highly resistant to chemicals. Resulting products can be PVC films, sheets, boards and tubes. A major problem in the recycling of polyvinyl chloride is the high chlorine content in raw PVC and high levels of hazardous additives added to the polymer to achieve the desired material quality. » What are the main characteristics of PVC? It is fabricated efficiently into a wide range of both rigid and flexible products. A comparison of some important properties of the two different classes is included in the table below. PVC is one of the most used plastic materials in the world. Flame Retardancy: Because of its high chlorine content, PVC products are self- extinguishing. Melting temperature: 240 o C. . And here's an interesting fact: you can increase the syndiotactic content even more using a couple of tricks. Poly(vinyl chloride) is the plastic known at the hardware store as PVC. Heat stabilisers increase the thermal stability, and lubricants reduce the melt viscosity preventing overheating. What is Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), and What is it Used For? Figure 2.Compari… © 2021 Matmatch GmbH, All rights reserved. PVC can also be blended with nitrile rubber (NBR), to increase flexibility and elastic recovery properties. Figure 1. PVC has excellent electrical insulation properties, making it ideal for cabling applications. in several applications. Polyvinyl chloride is produced in an addition polymerisation reaction using the chloroethene (vinyl chloride) monomer. Its most well-known application is the formation of PVC pipes in the building and construction industry, but the benefits of PVC extend far beyond this into the medical, electrical and protective clothing sectors. Rigid PVC. Quick Links to the Detailed Profile: Comparison between the compositions of flexible polyvinyl chloride (Top) and rigid polyvinyl chloride (Bottom) [3]. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has become a universal polymer with many applications (e.g., for pipes, floor coverings, cable insulation, roofing sheets, packaging foils, bottles, and medical products) because of its low cost and physical, chemical, and weathering properties. Compare Products: Select up to 4 products. Properties. 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